Emkhakheni wamanje wobunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuhlanganiswa kwe-chip ukwenze kwaba ngokwejwayelekile ukuhlanganisa uhlelo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lweRadio Frequency System ku-chip encane.Le ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ilethe izinto ezintsha zokwakha, ikakhulukazi ukutholwa okusabalele kwezero-uma kanye nezakhiwo zezakhiwo.Lokhu kusungulwa kwalolu hlelo kuvunyelwa ukulula kwabo kanye nokuqedwa kwesidingo sokuhlunga kwangaphandle kwe-superhetodyne receiver.Kodwa-ke, yize ingxenye ye-RF yenziwe lula, ukulinganiswa kwengxenye yokusebenza kwedijithali iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibaluleke kakhulu.Lokhu kuholela embuzweni oyisisekelo: Yiziphi izici ezingezona ezikahle kumadivayisi wangempela zithinta ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-RF?
Into yokuqala okufanele sigxile kuyo ngumsindo we-thermal nomsindo we-flicker.Noma iyiphi idivaysi yangempela ye-elekthronikhi izokhiqiza umsindo ongahleliwe ngenxa yokuhamba okungahleliwe kwama-elektroni, okungukuthi, umsindo oshisayo.Isibonelo, ukumelana nokuphambanisa kwe-R K K K-TK FETECTION kuzokhiqiza i-Voltage yomsindo.Uma umthwalo walo msebenzi walo mhlaba uthathwa njengolingana naye, ukufakwa kwamandla komsindo emthanjeni kuvame ukuvezwa njenge-KTB.Ngaphandle kokubheka i-bandwidth yohlelo, uma izinga lokushisa t lingu-290k, khona-ke amandla omsindo azoba yiyona eyaziwa kahle -174dbm / hz.Ngasikhathi sinye, umsindo we-Flicker (umsindo ongu-1 / F) kumadivayisi asebenzayo awunakunakwa.Ngoba itholakala eduze kwe-Direct yamanje (i-DC), umthelela ku-zero-uma izakhiwo zezakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi umthelela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo uphansi kancane.
Ukucatshangelwa okulandelayo ngumsindo wesigaba we-Oscillator yendawo (bheka).Ukukhishwa kwe-Oscillator ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kungavezwa ngumsebenzi we-delta kusizinda semvamisa, kepha kuzwakala umsindo wesigaba sesigaba sangempela kusiza isiketi endaweni yokuphuma kwesibonisi.Umthelela walo msindo wesigaba ku-transceiver uvezwa ikakhulukazi ezicini ezimbili: Okokuqala, ukwanda komsindo we-in-band okubangelwa ukubuyabuyelela kwebhendi yomsindo wesigaba se-Oscillator wesigaba sendawo kanye nesiginali;Okwesibili, umsindo we-n-band okubangelwa ukuxubana kwesiginali yokuphazanyiswa kanye nomsindo wesigaba se-Oscillator wendawo.Umsindo uyanda, owaziwa ngokuthi ukuxubana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Sampling Jitter nayo iyinto ebucayi.Abaguquli be-analog-to-digital (ADCS) kanye nama-digital-to-to-analog aguqukayo (DACs) akha umngcele phakathi kwe-analog nedijithali ku-transceivers.Enqubweni yokuguqulwa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zesiginali, kudingeka iwashi lesampula, eliyisibonakaliso se-oscillation.Njengoba isibonakaliso sangempela se-oscillation sizokhiqiza umsindo wesigaba, okuvela njenge-jitter esizindeni sesikhathi, okuholela emaphutheni asampula nomsindo owengeziwe owengeziwe.
Izinto ezilandelayo okufanele uzibheke ziyinkampani yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-Offsency offsenction (CFO) kanye ne-Samplency Frequency offsetset (SFO).Kwezinhlelo Zokuxhumana, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ivame ukwenziwa yi-loop ekhiyiwe yesigaba.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomehluko omncane kumvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-Transmitter (TX) kanye ne-Recectiver (Rx), imvamisa ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwalowo owemukelayo kuzoba nephutha lokuvalwa okusele, okungukuthi, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi.Ngasikhathi sinye, kungahle kube nomehluko kaningi wesampula ye-ADC ne-DAC, ebizwa ngokuthi yiSamplency Frequenction Offsect (SFO), okuzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kohlelo.
Uma ucubungula ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-RF, umuntu kufanele futhi aqaphele umsindo we-quincilLapho wenza ukuguqulwa kwe-analog-to-digital, la madivayisi akhiqiza umsindo we-qualization, okukhiqiza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-sinali-to-umsindo (SNR).Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama owemukelayo, kuvame ukudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngenzuzo eyanele e-ADC Front-End ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umsindo we-ADC uqobo mncane ngokwanele ukuba unganakwa ngokuqhathaniswa neleveli yayo yomsindo (ekhiqizwa ngaphambili-Qeda Circuit).Umphumela we-truncation we-ADC uzokhawulela isilinganiso samandla esiphezulu esilinganiselwe (i-PAPR) yesiginali, ngaleyo ndlela siyehlise i-SNR yesiginali.
Ekugcineni, kukhona ukungalingani kwe-quadrature kanye nokungalingani kwedivayisi okufanele ukukucatshangelwe.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhuphuka noma i-DownConverion, i-quadrature mixer esetshenzisiwe ingahle ibe nokuthola ukungahambi kahle kanye nesigaba sokungazimisela izindlela ze-I kanye ne-Q, ezizothinta umsindo we-SNR.Ukungahloniphi kwensiza, ikakhulukazi ukungahambi kahle kwalowo owemukelayo, kubhekele ikakhulukazi ukuphatha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesiginali, okuyilokho esivame ukubiza ukungavikeleki kokuhlangana.Lezi zinto ngokuhlangene zinqume ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-RF, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi onjiniyela bama-elekthronikhi baqonde futhi bazi kahle lezi zinto ukuze benze izinqumo ezifanele lapho behlela nokwenza kahle izinhlelo ze-RF.